LE CEDRE EST TOXIQUE POUR LES REPTILES

http://dragonsdasgard.actifforum.com/Les-especes-c6/Agamides-c8/Les-Physignatus-dragons-d-eauChlamydosaurus-lezards-a-colerette-et-autres-agamides-tropicaux-et-de-savanne-f41/Mon-Draco-est-en-train-de-mourir-p47816.htm#47816

Pourtant,de nombreux fabricants continuent à en proposer dans leurs litières:

http://www.zoomed.com/html/repti_bark.php

http://www.petco.com/shop/product.aspx?sku=165034&cm_ven=shopping&cm_cat=88&cm_pla=165034&cm_ite=165034

On ne le répètera jamais assez,de tels substrats sont TOXIQUES et provoquent la mort des reptiles à moyen ou long terme,via des huiles aromatiques contenues dans certains bois (cèdre,pin,sapin,saule...).NE LES UTILISEZ PAS!!

c'est quand même malheureux qu'on soit obliger de donner ces informations pour un produit qui se dit spécial reptile !!

(j'espère qu'avec l'histoire de sypro on arrivera à leur faire arrêter leur production)

Ce n'est pas si simple,ce sont de grosses boîtes,il faut que Sypro prenne un bon avocat et que des analyses scientifiques attestent de la toxicité,je vais voir ce que je trouve pour elle.

http://www.trifl.org/cedar.shtml

Respiratory toxicity of cedar and pine wood:

A review of the biomedical literature from 1986 through 1995

Written by Jeff Johnston, doctoral candidate in epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.


Many pet owners, breeders and pet retailers favor wood chips as pet bedding for a variety of reasons. Most wood chips are inexpensive and depending on the wood used, wood chips can provide natural insecticidal, bactericidal or bacteriostatic properties. Such bedding can often kill or inhibit the spread of fleas, mites or other pests, and the resins and other aromatic chemicals emitted by the chips help to control pet odors. With all of these advantages, pet stores often sell prepackaged starter kits for housing small pets complete with a supply of wood chips for bedding. Many people have used cedar and pine chips as bedding for these reasons. Wood from western red cedar (Thuja plicata) has one of the most potent insecticidal compounds, which accounts for its popularity to repel or kill clothes' moths.
Although wood chips may provide a natural means of insect and odor control, "natural" does not always mean safe. These same chemicals can also damage the respiratory tract, causing chronic respiratory disease, and asthma, and some studies have found an association between exposure to some wood dusts and oral cancers. The scientific literature on this topic is extremely clear, and unlike many studies of toxins, most of the scientific evidence regarding wood dust exposure has been conducted in humans rather than in laboratory animals since so many people work in the production of wood products. The summary of the biomedical literature that follows primarily describes the effect of chronic cedar- and pine-wood exposure on humans. Keep in mind that the effect on small mammals is likely to be even more pronounced, especially if they are in close, continual contact with wood chips. Humans also have a relatively poor sense of smell compared with other mammals. Thus, a nasal or respiratory irritant is much more likely to harm small mammals, which rely on smell for locating food and identifying and interacting with other animals.
The primary irritant in cedar is plicatic acid and western red cedar contains the highest concentrations although eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) also contain it. Exposure to plicatic acid can cause or exacerbate asthma, rhinitis or conjunctivitis in humans and in animals, and the damage can be progressive. Asthmatics who are continuously exposed to cedar, such as in a lumber mill, experience deterioration in their asthma over time. In pine (family Pinaceae), the primary irritant identified is abietic acid, sometimes called sylvic acid. Pine products also include pine resin, also known as rosin or colophony, which is known to pool players and mountain climbers. Pine resin is also used in adhesives, paints and varnishes, inks and in sizing for paper, paperboard and fabrics (Sadhra 1994). Abietic acid itself elicits relatively weak allergic responses, however, a number of compounds formed by air oxidation of abietic acid are potent contact allergens (Hausen 1989, Karlberg 1988).

Plicatic acid has been shown to cause an array of pathological changes consistent with inflammatory and allergic reactions. However, no one knows the mechanism by which plicatic acid induces these changes, which include increased concentrations of eosinophils, immunoglobulin E (IgE), T-cells, histamine and leukotrienes--substances known to increase inflammation in conditions such as multiple organ failure following surgery and acute respiratory distress syndrome (Frew 1995, Chan-Yeung 1994, Salari 1994). The overall increase in IgE concentrations found in humans with red- cedar asthma (Frew 1995, Paggiaro 1987) indicates an overall sensitization of the immune system to a foreign substance. Similar increases in IgE levels also accompany allergic reactions and parasitic infections. Allergists and immunologists refer to this immediate immune response as a type-I hypersensitivity reaction. Humans can also exhibit a delayed reaction to red cedar or plicatic acid exposure--also known as a type-IV hypersensitivity reaction, which is the type of response seen in tuberculin skin tests in humans. Following exposure to red cedar or plicatic acid, a person with occupational asthma may have either an immediate, or a delayed reaction, or both (Malo 1989). Long-term exposure to red cedar or pine in humans can lead to a decrease in forced expiratory volume, or FEV, a measure of lung capacity and ability to breathe freely (Shamssain 1992, Cote 1990, Malo 1989). Plicatic and abietic acids can both cause destruction and desquamation, or sloughing, of alveolar, tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells (Ayars 1989).

Among the known causes of occupational asthma, red cedar has a significant impact compared with most other occupational exposures. One study compared four groups of employees who worked at jobs that exposed them to respiratory irritants: cedar sawmill, paper pulpmill, grain elevator and aluminum smelter workers. The sawmill workers had the highest overall prevalence of asthma compared with a control group of persons without any occupational respiratory exposure (Siracusa 1995). Studies of workers exposed to pine dust also show that such work is associated with significantly more respiratory symptoms and a greater risk of airflow obstruction (Shamssain 1992), and the results of a German study indicate that workers exposed to pine dust had more than a three-fold increased risk of glottal cancer (relative risk = 3.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-9.0) (Maier 1992).

In humans, occupational exposure to cedar leads to asthma in 50% of more of wood, paper and pulp mill workers (Malo 1994, Rosenberg 1989). One might expect that longer exposure to cedar or pine dust would result in worse or more persistent respiratory symptoms, but that is not clear from various studies. Some researchers report just that among timber workers with occupational asthma who remain exposed to wood dust (Rosenberg 1989). In contrast, a large study of British Columbia cedar sawmill workers found that physician diagnoses of asthma or respiratory symptoms were not associated with work duration or the amount of dust to which the workers were exposed (Vedal 1986, vol. 41).

Can asthma caused by exposure to wood products be reversed? In the studies of occupational asthma among sawmill workers, the condition vanishes in 50% or fewer cases when exposure stops. The remaining individuals experience intermittent attacks or continued chronic airway restriction that can persist for years or indefinitely (Choubrac 1991, Rosenberg 1989, Newman-Taylor, 1988). In the British Columbia sawmill workers, researchers reported the health status of 17 patients with occupational asthma due to red cedar who had been removed from exposure for at least one year. Seven patients became asymptomatic but 10 (59%) required continued treatment for asthma (Chan-Yeung 1988). In another group of 136 sawmill workers with cedar-induced asthma who had left the industry, only 55 (40%) recovered completely and 81 (60%) had continued asthma attacks of varying severity (Chan-Yeung 1987). In one experimental study, bronchial hypersensitivity lasting two weeks was observed after an individual with red-cedar asthma received a single exposure to plicatic acid (Cartier 1986, vol. 78).

What happens to asthmatics if they continue to be exposed? Another study of the British Columbian sawmill workers followed 48 of the workers with asthma who remained on the job. Although 10% of the patients improved, none of them recovered, 62% remained stable and 38% got worse (Cote 1990). Thus, it seems imperative that an individual with cedar- or pine-induce asthma be removed from exposure for any possibility of recovery, and that the recovery occurs among humans only in half of all cases at best. The probability of recovery is likely to be lower for small mammals.

Address queries or additional information to: j.p.johnston@worldnet.att.net


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REFERENCES

Ando Y. Breeding control and immobilizing effects of wood microingredients on house dust mites. [Japanese] Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 1994;41:741-50.
Ando Y. Repellent effect of wood odors on mites. [Japanese] Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 1993;40:571-4.

Ayars GH, Altman LC, Frazier CE, Chi EY. The toxicity of constituents of cedar and pine woods to pulmonary epithelium. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989;83:610-8.

Cartier A, Chan H, Malo JL, Pineau L, Tse KS, Chan-Yeung M. Occupational asthma caused by eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) with demonstration that plicatic acid is present in this wood dust and is the causal agent. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986;77:639-45.

Cartier A, L'Archeveque J, Malo JL. Exposure to a sensitizing occupational agent can cause a long- lasting increase in bronchial responsiveness to histamine in the absence of significant changes in airway caliber. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986;78:1185-9.

Chaen T, Watanabe N, Mogi G, Mori K, Takeyama M. Substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide in nasal secretions and plasma from patients with nasal allergy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1993;102:16-21.

Chan-Yeung M. Mechanism of occupational asthma due to western red cedar (Thuja plicata). Am J Ind Med 1994;25:13-8.

Chan-Yeung M, Desjardins A. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and level of exposure in occupational asthma due to western red cedar (Thuja plicata). Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:1606-9.

Chan-Yeung M, Chan H, Tse KS, Salari H, Lam S. Histamine and leukotrienes release in bronchoalveolar fluid during plicatic acid-induced bronchoconstriction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989;84:762-8.

Chan-Yeung M, Leriche J, Maclean L, Lam S. Comparison of cellular and protein changes in bronchial lavage fluid of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with red cedar asthma of follow-up examination. Clin Allergy 1988;18:359-65.

Chan-Yeung M, MacLean L, Paggiaro PL. Follow-up study of 232 patients with occupational asthma caused by western red cedar (Thuja plicata). J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987;79:792-6.

Chan-Yeung M, Vedal S, Kus J, McLean L, Enarson D, Tse KS. Symptoms, pulmonary function, and bronchial hyperreactivity in western red cedar workers compared with those in office workers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;130:1038-41.

Choubrac P. Occupational asthma: Current and future perspectives. The point of view of an expert. [French] Bull Acad Natl Med 1991;175:703-12; discussion 712-5.

Cockcroft DW, Hoeppner VH, Werner GD. Recurrent nocturnal asthma after bronchoprovocation with western red cedar sawdust: Association with acute increase in non-allergic bronchial responsiveness. Clin Allergy 1984;14:61-8.

Cote J, Kennedy S, Chan-Yeung M. Quantitative versus qualitative analysis of peak expiratory flow in occupational asthma. Thorax 1993;48:48-51.

Cote J, Kennedy S, Chan-Yeung M. Sensitivity and specificity of PC20 and peak expiratory flow rate in cedar asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990;85:592-8. Comments in: J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;87:600 and 1991;88:424

Cote J, Kennedy S, Chan-Yeung M. Outcome of patients with asthma with continuous exposure. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:373-6.

Frew AJ, Chan H, Lam S, Chan-Yeung M. Bronchial inflammation in occupational asthma due to western red cedar. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:340-4.

Frew A, Chan H, Dryden P, Salari H, Lam S, Chan-Yeung. Immunologic studies of the mechanisms of occupational asthma caused by western red cedar. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;92:466-78.

Goldsmith DF, Shy CM. An epidemiologic study of respiratory health effects in a group of North Carolina furniture workers. J Occup Med 1988;30:959-65.

Goldsmith DF, Shy CM. Respiratory health effects from occupational exposure to wood dusts. Scan J Work Environ Health 1988;14:1-15.

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Lagier F, Cartier A, Malo JL. Medico-legal statistics on occupational asthma in Quebec between 1986 and 1988. [French] Rev Mal Respir 1990;7:337-41.

Hausen BM, Kreuger A, Mohnert J, Hahn H, Konig WA. Contact allergy due to colophony (III). Sensitizing potency of resin acids and some related products. Contact Dermatitis 1989;20:41-50. Comments: Contact Dermatitis 1989;21:282-5.



(Bibliographie à étudier)

http://www.ratsrule.com/cedar.html

Voir également ces liens.

c est bien ce que tu as fais...
il faut vraiment que les gens fassent attention avec ca!!!
dès que j'ai les résultats, et si c est un problème respiratoire qu il a eu, je vais prendre de mes copeaux et aller les faire analyser!
mais tant que je ne sais rien, je ne peux rien faire...

c'est incroyable
en principe tout substrat (pour le cas présent) dois passer des teste en labo avant la mise en vente afin d'assurer de la bonne qualité et d'éliminer tout risque de toxicité pour les animaux surtout si on stypule sur le paquet "spécial reptile"

mais c'est hallucinant quand même

même si ils utilisent des produits qui éliminent ces toxines, le produit utilisé ne devrait pas être nocif donc si ils prétendent en utiliser peut être le sont ils !?

dans ces cas là autant privilégier les bois NON toxique à l'origine pour éviter tout traitement par le fabriquant et les mauvaises surprises que les utilisateurs auraient

Bah les copeaux pour rongeurs ne sont pas mieux,ils irritent les voies respiratoires,mais on en trouve pourtant en supermarché

je viens de discuter avec une connaissance suisse, et qui m'as dit que porter plainte (tout dépend de ce que dit l'autopsie bien sûr) ne sert à rien, il a déjà eu un problème similaire, et n'as abouti à rien!

Il ne faut jamais partir du principe que ça ne sert à rien ... chauqe situation est particulière .. et puis la tu n'es pas toute seule, donc j'espère que ça pesera un peu plus lourd dans la balance ...

enfin moi je laisserai pas tomber ...

ah non, je n'ai pas dit que je laissais tomber, pas du tout!
je lui ai dit que j'allais le faire quand même, il m'as dit que je voulais perdre de l'argent pour rien mais que je tenté le coups, alors faut essayer!!!

génial alors il faut espérer qu'avec des actions comme celle-ci ont arrive a quelque chose pour sauver notre terrario de tout ces commerciaux !!

Je me permet de "déterrer ce topic pour prendre des nouvelles...
Où en est-on de cette affaire

Bah on fait passer l'info,c'est déjà ça;aux gens de ne pas acheter de copeaux à base de cèdre,maintenant

Oui oui, faites passer...la n'info

On a dit fais passer,pas fais tourner

Mékilékon